How the Railway Labor Act Affected Bargaining in the Aviation Industry Essay

How the Railway Labor Act Affected Bargaining in the Aviation Industry - Essay Example (Joined Airlines CEO, 2000) In the aircraft business, bartering is regulated by the National Mediation Board (NMB) under the RLA. In the last 50 years the RLA, as applies to the aircraft business, has brought about strikes in under 3 percent everything being equal. Despite this, most carrier the board sees the procedure required by the RLA as old-fashioned and broken (Ex-Gov. Goldschmidt, 2003) The railroad work demonstration of 1926 was the principal significant work enactment passed by the U.S. Congress. Rather than shaping principles that applied to the entire of U.S. Industry, it focused on the railroad business, at that point the most significant piece of the transportation business in U.S. (Haggling Under the Railway Labor Act). The demonstration's motivation was basically to supplant hits with haggling, intervention, and intercession as an approach to determine work questions. The demonstration likewise denied businesses from constraining specialists to deal through organization overwhelmed associations. (Aggregate Bargaining) There are two manners by which the RLA delays or wipes out strikes out and out: the demonstration drags out the procedure of aggregate haggling; as the demonstration necessitates that the gatherings have been discharged by the NMB 30 days before a strike can occur, where the date of discharge is the sole circumspection of the NMB. (Aggregate Bargaining) Second, the RLA requires compulsory arbi... (Aggregate Bargaining) Both worker's organizations and managers profited by the RLA. Laborers, who needed to have the chance to sort out themselves and to get the best possible consideration from bosses to haggle new understandings and implement existing ones, got what they needed. So did the railroad organizations. The Congress had concluded that trade must be continued moving in light of a legitimate concern for general society, and along these lines commanded that laborers, notwithstanding any questions, must work now and lament later. Thus managers won the option to prop business up regardless of progressing work debates. (Railroad Labor Act, 2005) There are a few special cases to the work presently, lament later rule, in any case. Laborers are permitted to decline to work when they have a sensible conviction that the work is risky, and when work being requested is in away from of the agreement. Notwithstanding, if the organization can make a sensible guarantee that the agreement legitimizes the work being mentioned, at that point the worker is required to work, and report any complaints later. (Dealing Under the Railway Labor Act) Under the RLA, the initial phase in contract arrangements are immediate dealings, which are exchanges without the intercession of the NMB. Understandings additionally don't have intrinsic lapse dates under the RLA-termination dates must be set inside the understanding itself. Consequently the understanding stays enforceable, and is the norm, until any change is settled upon by the two gatherings. (Haggling Under the Railway Labor Act) The RLA permits strikes over significant questions (or debates that worry the creation or change of the aggregate haggling understanding) just if the entirety of the RLA's exchange

Nano- and Micro-Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nano-and Micro-Technology - Essay Example The term nanotechnology was utilized by N. Taniguchi of the University of Tokyo in 1974, at micrometer scale (Slator, 2002). All things considered, it's been over five decades since Richard Feynman discussed the Nano segments around us and we are into 21st century. In spite of the fact that the utilization of nano-parts has not gone to our day by day use, yet the manner in which mainstream researchers is buckling down, it shows up very sensible in times to come. The minuscule innovative advancements on the nanometer size of 0.1 to 100 nm is by all accounts proceeding with conventional pace. Hocken et al. (2008) characterize nanotechnology as the examination, improvement and preparing of materials, gadgets, and frameworks in which structure on a component of under 100 nm is basic to acquire the necessary utilitarian presentation. Subsequent investigations have demonstrated that when materials are diminished to nano-scale, they begin displaying various kinds of properties, when contrasted with their exhibitions in full scale structure. This demonstrates nano-structures can demonstrate supportive in empowerin g one of a kind applications. The conventional top-down methodology in miniaturized scale creation process infers that we break or cut greater materials into littler parts. In this methodology we create nano-objects from a bigger parent element with the assistance of lithographic designing procedures. The top-down methodology utilizes the customary workshop or small scale manufacture strategies with remotely controlled tools1. Richard Feynman, while proposing that 'there's a lot of room at the base', stated, We can mastermind the particles the manner in which we need . . . the very particle. . . right down! around then he could unmistakably imagine the top-down methodology. The nano-manufacture advances like photolithography, nanomolding, plunge pen lithography and nanofluidics are a few instances of top-down methodology. The top down methodology has been utilized for creating tissue designing frameworks by controlling the pore geometry, size, dissemination and spatial geometry2. Then again the base up approach shows that we gather littler articles and fabricate a bigger valuable substance. This method utilizes the atomic self get together substance process. For this situation nanomaterials or structures are manufactured from the development of iotas or particles in a controlled way that is managed by thermodynamic methods, for example, self-assembly3. So as to come out with quality manufacture in the base up approach, forming of the nano-object and incredibly exact, nanometer-scale control in situating the item is of essential significance (Berger, 2009). Whatever may be the methodology in creating the nano-structures, it includes exact control and control of nuclear particles and atoms. Fig-1 delineates the contrast between top-down and base up approaches. Nanotechnology holds extraordinary potential in making new materials and gadgets with applications in differing fields like medication, vitality creation, buyer hardware and so forth. In drugs it very well may be utilized in diagnostics, avoidance just as treatment. Some significant

Tournament of Books Week 1 Commentary

Tournament of Books Week 1 Commentary Jeff O’Neal and Morgan Macgregor are both huge  Tournament of Books fans. So, they decided to read all the finalists and do some running commentary as the tournament progresses. Check back weekly for our obsessive coverage.   ____________________________ JO: Just two matches to kick things off last week, but the story from our end is the Lightning Rods victory, which you saw coming. Binelli’s judging was sort of strange, but the crux of the decision was this: Salvage the Bones seemed too MFA-y and he admired DeWitt’s commitment to an absurd premise. I don’t know what you think, but this seems to me a classic example of how writers see things differently than readers. (My guess is that most common readers would pick Salvage the Bones.) MM: There’s no doubt that it probably alienated a lot of readers that Binelli seemingly chose to reward effort rather than a finished product (or an MFA, which is a whole other debate). That’s certainly one of the most interesting things about the Tournament; some of the judges are writers, and some are not. Personally, I like that aspect of it, but I’m sure there’s another camp that takes issue with it. If I’m being completely honest, I would recommend Salvage the Bones to someone  let’s say to a random person, the average reader, asking me for advice  before Lightning Rods, but that’s only because I know my tastes tend towards the perverse and the absurd. I know “the average reader” is a rather absurd notion in itself, but there does seem to be one, and I wouldn’t hand her Lightning Rods. But (!)  if I were judging this round, and it were my job to choose which book I myself liked best, I’d have gone with with DeWitt, too. Binelli will probably get some b acklash on the MFA-bashing, but ultimately he chose the book he liked best, which is, in the absence of any formal judging criteria, the definition of “judge.” MM: Curious: what did you think of Lightning Rods? JO: You know how some Saturday Night Live sketches get turned into movies and while you’re watching it you think “This was funny as a sketch, but not sure there’s enough for a whole movie”? That’s about how I felt. It seemed to me like one of the vignettes from The Decameron, just novel-length. Now, I thought it was interesting and readable in its own way, but I would have gone with Salvage the Bones, though it too has its problems, some of which I thought Binelli nailed (like say, being a bit heavy-handed at times). JO: In the other match, Emma Straub picked The Sense of the Ending over Devil All The Time. Straub made it seem like it was closer than we might have thought, but at the end mentions how she hates conflict, so who knows if Devil All the Time really had any kind of shot. The key moment is when Straub wrote that she would be more likely to re-read The Sense of an Ending and that seemed to tip the scales finally toward Barnes. I think this is pretty interesting idea and one that many of us use to rank and evaluate narrative art. MM: This one was so interesting to me, because I totally disagree with Straub’s rendering of The Devil All The Time as masterfully plotted. I think it’s rather a mess, though the writing itself is quite good. I see eye-to-eye with her on The Sense of An Ending, though, and experienced the same sort of resistance turning into utter surprise that she did. I’d say she took somewhat of a more “objective” approach to judging than Binelli, and I agree with her choice, but I’m a little dumbfounded that she would hand The Devil All The Time “to every writer who thinks that plot is scary, as an example of how complicated and delicious novels can be.” I’d hand it to every writer who thinks they can do it all, as a prime example of a novelist trying to do just that, and failing. I too would read The Sense of An Ending again before I’d reread The Devil All the Time, but some of my very favorite books are ones I know I’ll never read again; they were like experiences that I l ived through, that changed me, that I will remember forever, and that I never want to (or can’t) go back to. Like high school. JO: I think the official Tournament commentary should also be on the table for us to discuss. Their analysis of the Ward/DeWitt match was mostly about why Salvage the Bones was initially overlooked by the critical establishment before its National Book Award win. In the main, John Warner suggested that critics value what they have read over what they haven’t (as do we all, except when it comes to Ulysses). The conventional logic goes like this: if critics don’t review books, readers don’t find them. I think what we’re learning these days is that that is less and less true. I’m just not sure how much reviews in mainstream venues matter any more. Surely, they mean something, but my sense is that something means less and less. If there is a disconnect between what critics review and what wins awards, what do we make of the disconnect between both of those things and what people are actually reading (check out any bestseller list, save maybe the independent bookseller list)? It’s quite rare that there is any overlap between the critical/award complex and the common reader. Laura Miller claiming Harbach and Eugenides as popular picks is sort of like Obama saying he is closer to the common man than Mitt Romneyaint none of them close. MM: I think it really depends on where you live. Over the holidays, I worked in a bookstore on the Upper East Side of Manhattan, and I can say with confidence that almost every single customer who shops in that store both reads and avidly follows the Times reviews. We had each week’s edition hanging on the wall behind the counter, and were often asked to pull it down to a customer to refer to. Even more often, book buyers came in with snippets cut out from the paper, and they’d just hand it to us and say, “I want these books.” Then I came back to LA, where reviews are totally obsolete, sometimes laughably so. I really like what Kevin said: “What I really think has been lost as our collective books discussion migrates from newspapers and splinters into billions of little cubbies on the internet is a common book culture. Book coverage on the web is fantastic and rich, but on the internet (where you are your own gatekeeper) it’s also easy to wander around in some kind of Esc her drawing made from one’s own tastes and biases.  That said, newspaper reviews are going to have to catch up to the rest of us, as it were, if they want to get back in the game (which I’d like them to). The “traditional” book review, published in the newspaper, is something that’s increasingly only relevant to isolated communities of readers, who perhaps have their own Escher drawing of tastes and biases. JO: Well, an independent bookstore on the Upper East Side is probably as insulated from the main of contemporary literary culture as you can get. Its like the 1970s up there. But, it does represent a segment of serious readers who depend on critics. MM: We also need to define “critic,” here. Bloggers aren’t critics, nor are most of the people writing about books on the internet. That’s fine. But I think there is still a place for professional literary critics, and I think that they should indeed be driving our “collective books discussion.” I just think they need to broaden their scope, stop being lazy about the job they’re paid to do, and stop trying to pass off plot summaries as reviews. JO: Im not sure that we do need to define critic. I think we might just need to recognize that there are different ways of writing about books. I mean, we dont need to define chicken to know that its different than popcorn; we can tell the difference as we experience it. MM: Do you think that book culture on the internet is creating two “types” of readers? It seems to me there are readers who follow the blogs, follow the Indie awards, and generally look for interesting, under-the-radar stuff, and then there are people who read the newspaper, read the National Book Award and Pulitzer prize winners, and couldn’t even guess how many indie publishing houses we have in this country. Of course, you have the overlap the small community of serious book bloggers and reviewers that do both but it’s just that: small. JO: Actually, I think the book internet is creating a third type of reader. Before, I think there were your NYT-following readers and then your more common reader who reads genre and commercial fiction. There was some overlap, but I think the web allows interested readers to avoid falling into either to the exclusion of everything else. Many of the people I know who are active online read literary fiction, YA, graphic novels, narrative non-fiction, and essay as part of their reading lives: I think that before the internet, it was extremely hard to be informed enough about these at the same time to keep up with them. Now, you can. Part of it is that you get review space online for YA and graphic novels that just doesn’t happen in mainstream media. If I have to choose between a common book culture and a fractured book culture that has people leading more diverse, fulfilling reading lives, I am going with the latter, though the former might be more fulfilling to me personally, since m y reading habits would map rather neatly onto what once was mainstream book culture. Sign up to Unusual Suspects to receive news and recommendations for mystery/thriller readers.

Supply Chain Model Improves Relationship Management

Target’s Supply Chain In today’s business world, gaining and maintaining a competitive advantage is key to longevity in business. The goal of a given business is to meet the expectations of its customers better than competitors whilst increasing revenue. Implementing an effective supply chain model can serve to increase efficiency whereas implementing an effective demand chain model improves relationship management. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate an understanding of the supply chain and its relationship to the demand chain by analyzing the Target Corporation’s supply chain and assessing its efficiency and if it meets demand chain expectations. Ranked at number 92 on Forbes 2015 world’s most valuable brands, Target Corp was founded by George Draper Dayton in 1962 and headquartered in Minnesota. Target grew from 977 stores in early 2000 in 46 states to 1,790 stores, including the Super Target and City Target footprints, in 49 states in January 2015. Earlier this year, Targe t decided to close its 133 Canadian stores less than two years after opening the first one in 2013. Critics believe blamed a â€Å"dysfunctional supply chain† as Target’s Achilles heel (SupplyChain247). Overview of Target’s Supply Chain Target’s purpose and belief, as clearly stated on its website, is that Target’s guest should â€Å"expect more, pay less†. It is this organizational philosophy that has propelled this retail giant to quick success. 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This paper will discuss a key issue that Toyota has faced and how they can utilize communication software to improve the business relationship between supplier and Toyota. Operations Improvement Plan Introduction Toyota Overview Toyota is one of the leading manufacturers of vehicles in the United States and across the globe. Toyota is ranked #55 in Forbes, World’s BiggestRead MoreIntegrated Thinking : E Business And Supply Chain Management Essay955 Words   |  4 PagesDepartment of management systems Final assignment Integrated thinking: E-business and Supply Chain Management E-business lets us turn big chunks of data into information which can be used to increase sales and allows us to share this information with our business partners via the internet. E-business uses the internet to link retailers with their suppliers and customers. Supply chain management focusses on integrating steps of the supply chain both internally and externally. 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Modular knowledge contains the individual characteristics and functions in different components respectively. The knowledge of different types of product and innovation divides the different components in the supply chainRead MoreRelevant Types Of E Business Models1701 Words   |  7 PagesRelevant types of e-Business models In this case analysis, we use the term e-Business as a broader definition of e-Commerce (EC), not just solely describing the buying and selling of goods and services, but conducting all kinds of business online such as servicing customer, collaborating with business partners, delivering e-learning, and conducting electronic transactions within an organisation. This has to be stated since in some sources, the terms EC and e-Business are considered equivalent. E-CommerceRead MoreSupply Chain Management1259 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Supply chain management is a valuable practice whose purpose is to offer businesses a competitive advantage in the market place. According to Jacoby, D. (2010), some companies like Walmart and Dell have applied this system to gain a competitive advantage in the market while others have failed to apply it owing to its complexity. Companies require adequate and accurate information about all the players in the chain management in order for them to meet their consumers, demands whileRead MoreE Procurement System : Information Technology Based System1384 Words   |  6 Pagesis an information technology based system which is at the input end of the supply chain. These systems have been increasingly connected and embedded with other infrastructures to initiate growth of the companies. Due to which, they have become an integral part of the supply chain management. E-procurement system can improve the effectiveness of operation processes and transparency of supply chain since it helps to improve the efficiency of value creation. E-procurement has four functions: e-design

Violence and Freedom- Exploring the Use of Violence to...

The role of violence in the liberation of peoples from systems of domination is necessarily entwined to the concept of freedom. Herbert Marcuse and Frantz Fanon argue that violence, in various forms, is the only reasonable rebuttal to the abhorrent system of subjugation, whether it is in shape of something as transparent as apartheid to thinly veiled laws that take away the rights of humans under the capitalist system. To even understand the relationship between freedom and violence it has to be established what it is even meant by the phrase â€Å"violence† while simultaneously attempting to understand what means are necessary to achieve this end. Furthermore, what does it mean to be â€Å"violent† and is it always acceptable to use violence as†¦show more content†¦Violence and freedom are inexorably linked because of this conflict between two groups wherein freedom is withheld utilizing violence as a means to uphold the status quo; it should be obvious the n that violence is the only retort to the use of force to deny freedom. The very act of denying freedom to those that seek it is a violent act therefore, according to Marcuse, violence against the oppressors is justifiable because it is merely â€Å"counterviolence† (â€Å"Ethics and Revolution† 137). Here, Marcuse also examines the historical role of violence in bringing about dramatic change, positing that there are numerous historical â€Å"situations in which violence becomes the necessary and essential element to progress† (â€Å"Ethics and Revolution† 137). It can be seen, historically speaking, that the liberation of peoples does not come without a violent struggle between two or more groups. Marcuse’s stance is almost solely based on the examination of historical revolutions, providing himself and his readers with ample evidence that emancipation only occurs violently. This is not to say that change can only happen with the utilization of bloodshed but that revolutionary change can only occur in such a manor. Radical change requires the reconstruction of an existing system therefore implying that destruction, a necessarily violentShow MoreRelatedNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagescontinually re-chosen as a person matures. As a person grows, he/she is continually choosing values and fashioning his/her hierarchy of values. Looking at the problems being faced by every Filipino at this point, one can surmise that oppression, violence, greed, exploitation, environmental degradation and corruption are by-products of a decrepit and twisted value system. As Filipinos, we should realize that if we want to see a better Philippines, we should break this culture of corruption and oppressionRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pageslost a valued friend, and was likely dealing with this conflict herself. At the start of the poem, she uses the word â€Å"Immortality,† which would likely imply that there is an afterlife, and the spirit of her friend is living on there. However, the fifth stanza of the poem describes a house buried in the ground, one that is certainly inaccessible to anyone trying to enter. In the next stanza, she uses â€Å"Eternity† instead of â€Å"Immortality.† Combined with the buried house, this word choice has a very differentRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesblack consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfor getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect

Leadership of Martin Luther Free Essays

Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) was a catholic priest and a theology professor in the late 15th and early 16th century. He was also a central protagonist during the reformation movement In the 16 century, which fathered what Is now known as the protestant reformation. Martin Luther has subsequently become one of the most recognized and Influential leaders In the history of the Charlatans Church. We will write a custom essay sample on Leadership of Martin Luther or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leadership Defined: The ecclesial context of Lather’s leadership Those who try to fine leadership will find themselves at a disadvantage due to the limitations of language. To illustrate this disadvantage: we understand that a â€Å"ball† is a â€Å"spherical object that we play with. † But depending on the context, a ball can be understand as many different things. In football, we play with a ball but it is not spherical. The sun however, is a spherical ball, but we cannot play with it. We can describe a fun time as having a ball, even though we are not playing with a ball. We can also go to a ball, even though we may not be having a ball. We will rarely have difficulty in understanding the meaning that Is being expressed In all these situation. The same cannot be said for leadership because the word will Invoke different meanings for different people In different situations (Morehouse, 2010). Rewords Describe the definition of Leadership in Morehouse and Hickman, possibly touch on servant leadership in Hickman as the overall â€Å"Nature† of Lather’s leadership. Try to give examples that would support servant leadership or whatever leadership he expressed. Rewords Traits and Skills Martin Luther exhibited many of the qualities of what Morehouse describes as trait dervish. The premise of trait leadership Is that certain traits are perceived as more crucial than others In order to lead effectively (Morehouse, 2010). These traits are generally endowed within the leader and cannot be learned. â€Å"Some of these traits that are central to this this Include Intelligence, self-confidence, determination, integrity, and sociability’ (Morehouse, 2010, p. 19). When comparing Martin Luther with these traits, it is easy to see how he naturally exhibited many of them. For example: outside his obvious professorship, Martin Luther was a very intelligent man. His Ninety-Five Theses objected to several traditional catholic practices, but they were intended as a scholarly dispute with a tone of inquisition. Also, Martin Luther possessed tremendous amounts of self-confidence. He challenged the most powerful religious institution in the history of mankind because he was so confident that he alone was correct and that they were the ones in error. He was eventually excommunicated but he still remained determined to stand for his conviction about catholic dogma. Martin Luther was effective with this method of leadership. HIS Intelligence appealed too many while his classically helped him begin his own church by 1526. HIS determination to hold biblical truths as higher then catholic traditions prompted him to translate the New Testament in the vernacular of the people by allowed people to have the same access to these biblical truths. Martin Luther also demonstrated many of the skills that Morehouse associates with successful leaders. Briefly define traits Rewords Martin Luther traits and how that contributed to his effectiveness (give examples) Rewords Briefly define skills Rewords How to cite Leadership of Martin Luther, Papers

Irrational Ideas About Eating

Question: 1. Outline some of the possible consequences of consuming an irrational diet?2. Discuss the long term effects of obesity on the human body?3. Compare manufacturers claims, public perception and the scientific evidence on the benefits or otherwise of vegetable spreads compared with butter?4. Describe the general benefits to health of regular moderate exercise?5. Research the benefits and health hazards associated with a specific type of exercise (e.g. high impact exercise, weight training?6. Evaluate public perception to the use of different types of drugs including alcohol, nicotine (tobacco), marijuana and cocaine? 7. For a name d drug describe the possible benefits (if any) and the health risks associated with short term or long term consumption? Answer: Outline some of the possible consequences of consuming an irrational diet? An irrational diet can be irrational in terms of quality, quantity or both. It could mean that the person believes in certain myths that are illogical. For example, that one must eat all the food on the plate, one must have three large meals a day, that one must eat one is very full, that one must eat to feel better emotionally, that one must have meat at every meal and so on. Consequences of eating an irrational diet are obesity, diabetes, and other related complications like hypertension and cardiovascular disease. On the other hand people who tend to diet as a way of life can also consume irrationally low quantity of food due to factors that make them feel fat, fear of overeating, withdrawal and looking inwards and other irrational outcomes of a poor diet. Discuss the long term effects of obesity on the human body. The long term effects of obesity on the human body are numerous that challenge the well being of a person. Coronary heart disease is a condition where consumption of fats in the diet and a sedentary lifestyle lead to the build up of a waxy substance that forms plaques inside the coronary arteries, the arteries that supply blood to the heart. Angina or heart attack can be the consequence. Hypertension can result as a consequence of long term obesity. Stroke can occur if the build up of plaque in the arteries ruptures causing the formation of a blood clot. If the clot is in a blood vessel close to the brain it can cause stroke. Type 2 diabetes occurs when the blood sugar is higher than normal. The body cells are unable to use insulin properly. Initially the body responds by making more insulin but even that fails to control blood sugar. Other implications of obesity are: abnormal blood fats, metabolic syndrome, gall stone formation and sleep apnoea. Compare manufacturers claims, public perception and the scientific evidence on the benefits or otherwise of vegetable spreads compared with butter. Aseem Malhotra, interventional cardiology specialist, at the Croydon university hospital, London writes in the British Medical Journal that the real issue in cardiovascular disease is dyslipidaemia that is caused by intake of trans-fats meaning that butter is not unhealthy as previously believed (Malhotra 2013). Consumption of butter when accompanied with moderate physical activity does not lead to central obesity. But studies have always placed the trans-fat containing margarine made with hydrogenated fats in the category of foods that cause increase in cholesterol and unhealthy blood fat figures. Advertisements of margarine have only emphasized on the feel good factor of fat consumption, they do little to tell the truth. Sarah Boseley, health editor at The Guardian has quoted cardiologist Aseem Malhotra who has carried out studies that prove the benefits of butter over the trans-fat containing margarine. Describe the general benefits to health of regular moderate exercise. Regular moderate exercise for five days a week has several health benefits. Coupled with strength training exercise it helps to reduce weight and maintain a normal weight. It curtails the risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, stroke and some cancers. Exercise causes release of endorphins which help to reduce stress (Physical activity for health). It also relieves symptoms of anxiety and depression. Improvement in cognitive functions of the elderly is a benefit for ageing people who choose to exercise regularly. Fitness of heart-lung and muscles is another advantage of exercise. People who exercise also tend to sleep better. Cancer of colon and breast can be prevented with exercise. Research the benefits and health hazards associated with a specific type of exercise (e.g. high impact exercise, weight training). The benefits of high impact exercise like running and gymnastics. Done in the right proportion of total exercise it can help improve bone density. Too much of high impact exercise can strain muscles and joints and cause wear and tear. Long term high impact exercise can cause crippling effects if neglected. Body weight training is a better option than lifting weights according to experts. The former provides benefits to tendons, ligaments and muscles whereas lifting weights is associated with several injuries. It prevents tendonitis and arthritis to which weight lifters are more prone. Evaluate public perception to the use of different types of drugs including alcohol, nicotine (tobacco), marijuana and cocaine. Public perception on drug use is basically divided on the basis of whether the person expressing judgement about drug use is a user or a non user. Non users are tilted heavily against drug use of any kind. They even have negative perceptions against the two legalised drugs alcohol and tobacco and often question why society accepts these two drugs as acceptable even though multiple health issues can arise from uncontrolled use. The other kind of perception belongs to the users. This group tries to justify their use of drugs in several ways. This group claims that using even illegal drugs in the privacy of their homes without affecting anyone outside should be a matter of personal choice and that banning drugs impinges on their rights. Their argument is that when alcohol and tobacco which are also debilitating in many respects are legalised there is no reason why other drugs should be prohibited. For a name d drug describe the possible benefits (if any) and the health risks associated with short term or long term consumption. Alcohol has been the fermented drink for millennia. According to the article, Alcohol, the full story Its safe to say that alcohol is both a tonic and a poison. Taken in moderation with respect to dose and frequency, alcohol has been shown to have benefits. It can be good for heart health and improves circulation. Some studies say that it has protective action and protects from type 2 diabetes. Even gallstone formation can be prevented by exercising restraint in alcohol consumption. Red wine is supposed to have antioxidants and help in raising the good cholesterol. On the other hand irrational and uncontrolled consumption of alcohol has several disadvantages. Drunken driving is the major cause of fatal accidents around the world. Health implications of over drinking are liver and heart damage, harm to the unborn foetus. It increases the risk of breast and other cancers. It can lead to depression, violence and cause serious family issues. References Irrational ideas about eating. Available from move.va.gov. Meikle, J. The Guardian. 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